The survey of the Wadi Araba (Eastern Desert of Egypt), conducted from 2008 to 2018 on behalf of the Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao), has shed new light on the occupation of the Eastern Desert, an area still largely unknown. Neolithic arrowheads, Old-Middle Kingdom mining camps and tracks, Coptic hermitages... . The new data, gathered during the expeditions carried out in this large dry valley linking the Nile valley to the Red Sea, provide a new picture of the eastern margins of Egypt from the end of the Prehistory to the Late Antiquity.